Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your February 23 shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the February 23 offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of February 23 at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a February 23? Wrong! If the February 23 is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about February 23 then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling February 23? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about February 23 and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your February 23 wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your February 23 then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the February 23 site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about February 23, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your February 23, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

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Events

• 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western culture book printed from movable type.
• 1660 - Charles XI of Sweden becomes Monarch of Sweden.
• 1778 - American Revolution: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania to help to train the Continental Army.
• 1797 - French Forces launch a failed invasion of Britain. See Last Invasion of Britain
• 1820 - Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland cabinet ministers is exposed.
• 1830 - Oxford, Ohio, home of Miami University, is incorporated.
• 1836 - The Battle of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: Battle of Buena Vista - In Mexico, United States troops defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• 1854 - The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
• 1861 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1866 - Lebanon Valley College is founded in Annville, Pennsylvania.
• 1870 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union (American Civil War).
• 1874 - Major Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike," now more commonly called lawn tennis.
• 1883 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
• 1887 - The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.
• 1893 - Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine.
• 1898 - Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse", a letter accusing the Government of France of anti-Semitism and wrongfully placing Captain Alfred Dreyfus in jail.
• 1900 - In South Africa the Boers and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland troops fight in the Battle of Hart's Hill.
• 1903 - Cuba leases Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to the United States "in perpetuity".
• 1904 - For $10 million the United States gains control of the Panama Canal Zone.
• 1905 - Chicago attorney Paul P. Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.
• 1909 - The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.
• 1917 - First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution.
• 1918 - First victory of Red Army over the Kaiser's German troops near Narva and Pskov. Since 1923 this date become the Defender of the Fatherland Day in honour of this victory.
• 1919 - Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist Party in Italy.
• 1927 - The Federal Radio Commission (later renamed the Federal Communications Commission) begins to regulate the use of radio frequencies.
• 1934 - Léopold III of Belgium becomes Monarch of Belgium.
• 1940 - World War II: Soviet Union troops conquer Lasi Island.
• 1941 - Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.
• 1944 - Population transfer in the Soviet Union of the Chechen people and Ingush people to Central Asia
• 1945 - World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines and a commonly forgotten US Navy Corpsman, reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima. The photo would later win a Pulitzer Prize.
• 1945 - World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by United States forces.
• 1945 - World War II: Capitulation of Germany garrison in Poznań, city is liberated by Soviet Union and Poland forces.
• 1945 - World War II: The Germany town of Pforzheim is completely destroyed by a raid of 379 United Kingdom bombers.
• 1947 - International Organization for Standardization(ISO) is founded.
• 1954 - The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• 1955 - First meeting of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
• 1957 - The founding congress of the Senegalese Popular Bloc is opened in Dakar.
• 1958 - Cuban rebels kidnap 5-time world driving champion Juan Manuel Fangio.
• 1966 - A military coup in Syria replaces the previous government.
• 1974 - The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst.
• 1975 - In response to the 1973 energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States.
• 1980 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament would decide the fate of the United States embassy hostages.
• 1981 - 23-F, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.
• 1983 - The Spain PSOE government of Felipe González and Miguel Boyer nationalizes Rumasa, a holding of José María Ruiz Mateos.
• 1983 - The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri.
• 1987 - A supernova is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud (see Supernova 1987a).
• 1991 - Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabia border and enter Iraq, thus starting the ground-phase of the war.
• 1991 - In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.
• 1992 - The Communist Party of Georgia is founded in Georgia (country).
• 1995 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 30.28 to close at 4,003.33, closing above 4,000 for the Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
• 1997 - A large fire occurs in the Russian Space station, Mir.
• 1998 - Kissimmee Tornado Outbreak: Tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42.
• 1998 - Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa declaring jihad against all Jews and Tenth Crusade.
• 1999 - Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.
• 1999 - An avalanche destroys the Austria village of Galtür, killing 31.
• 2005 - Slovakia Summit 2005 begins, marking the first occasion when a sitting President of the United States visits Slovakia; George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin are in attendance.
• 2005 - Vote of the controversial French law on colonialism, repealed start of 2006.
• 2006 - Dubai Ports World agrees to postpone its plans to take over management of six U.S. ports after the proposal ignited harsh bipartisan criticism on Capitol Hill.
• 2007 - Japan launches its fourth spy satellite, stepping up its ability to monitor potential threats such as North Korea.
• 2007 - A Grayrigg rail crash on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, United Kingdom, killing one person and injuring 22. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents.

Births

• 1417 - Pope Paul II (d. 1471)
• 1583 - Jean-Baptiste Morin, French scientist (d. 1656)
• 1633 - Samuel Pepys, English naval administrator and man of letters, posthumously famous as a diarist (d. 1703)
• 1646 - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (d. 1709)
• 1648 - Arabella Churchill (royal mistress), English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730)
• 1680 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (d. 1767)
• 1685 - George Frideric Handel, German/British Baroque composer (d. 1759)
• 1688 - Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)
• 1723 - Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (d. 1791)
• 1729 - Josiah Hornblower, American statesman (d. 1809)
• 1743 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German-born banker (d. 1812)
• 1840 - Carl Menger, Austrian economist (d. 1921)
• 1842 - Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher (d. 1906)
• 1850 - César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
• 1868 - W.E.B. DuBois, American civil rights leader (d. 1963)
• 1873 - Liang Qichao, Chinese scholar (d. 1929)
• 1874 - Konstantin Päts, Estonian president (d. 1956)
• 1878 - Kazimir Malevich, Ukrainian painter and art theorist (d. 1935)
• 1883 - Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969)
• 1889 - Victor Fleming, American director (d. 1949)
• 1889 - Musidora, French actress and director (d. 1957)
• 1891 - Harold Horder, Australian Rugby League player (d. 1978)
• 1899 - Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
• 1899 - Norman Taurog, American film director (d. 1981)
• 1901 - Edgar Ende, German painter (d. 1965)
• 1904 - Terence Fisher, English film director (d. 1980)
• 1904 - William L. Shirer, American historian (d. 1993)
• 1904 - Leopold Trepper, Soviet spy (d. 1982)
• 1908 - William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988)
• 1914 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
• 1915 - Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1915 - Paul Tibbets, American pilot
• 1918 - Richard G. Butler, American fascist (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Paul Gérin-Lajoie, French Canadian politician
• 1923 - Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan politician
• 1924 - Allan McLeod Cormack, South-African born physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
• 1924 - Claude Sautet, French film director (d. 2000)
• 1928 - Vasili Lazarev, cosmonaut (d. 1990)
• 1932 - Majel Barrett, American actress
• 1937 - Tom Osborne (football coach), American football coach and politician
• 1938 - Diane Varsi, American actress (d. 1992)
• 1940 - Peter Fonda, American actor
• 1941 - Ron Hunt, baseball player
• 1943 - Fred Biletnikoff, American football player and coach
• 1944 - Bernard Cornwell, English historical novelist
• 1944 - Johnny Winter, American musician
• 1945 - Allan Boesak, South African activist
• 1946 - Rusty Young (musician), American country-rock guitarist (Poco)
• 1948 - Doug Moench, American comic book writer
• 1949 - Marc Garneau, French Canadian astronaut
• 1950 - Maxi (singer), Irish singer and radio personality
• 1951 - Ed Jones (American football), American football player
• 1951 - Patricia Richardson, American actress
• 1952 - Brad Whitford, American musician (Aerosmith)
• 1953 - Satoru Nakajima, Japanese racing driver
• 1954 - Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine
• 1955 - Tom Bodett, American voice actor, radio personality, and writer
• 1955 - Howard Jones (musician), British pop singer
• 1958 - Tony Barrell (journalist), English writer and journalist
• 1958 - David Sylvian, English musician
• 1959 - Richard Dodds, British field hockey player
• 1960 - Alan Griffin, Australian politician
• 1960 - Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, Crown Prince of Japan
• 1962 - Michael Wilton, American musician (Queensrÿche)
• 1963 - Bobby Bonilla, former baseball player
• 1963 - Radosław Sikorski, Polish politician
• 1964 - John Norum, Norwegian guitarist (Europe (band))
• 1965 - Kristin Davis, American actress
• 1965 - Michael Dell, American computer manufacturer
• 1965 - Helena Suková, former Czech tennis player
• 1965 - Veronica Webb, American supermodel and actress
• 1968 - Justin Bell, British racing driver
• 1969 - Marc Wauters, Belgian cyclist
• 1970 - Marie-Josée Croze, French Canadian actress
• 1970 - Niecy Nash, American actress
• 1971 - Jeong Chan, South Korean actor
• 1971 - Don Maxwell, Canadian cricketer
• 1971 - Melinda Messenger, English television presenter
• 1972 - Steve Holy, American country singer
• 1972 - Rondell White, American baseball player
• 1973 - Jack Case, American artist
• 1973 - Lars-Olof Johansson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans)
• 1974 - Leko (DJ), American DJ
• 1974 - Jaime Villarreal, Mexican musician
• 1974 - Herschelle Gibbs, South African cricketer
• 1975 - Michael Cornacchia, American actor
• 1975 - Robert Lopez, American composer
• 1976 - Kelly Macdonald, British actress
• 1977 - Kristina Šmigun, Estonian cross-country skier
• 1978 - René Pérez, Puerto Rican musician (Calle 13 (band))
• 1978 - Dan Snyder, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2003)
• 1979 - Ying Yang Twins, American rapper (Ying Yang Twins)
• 1981 - Gareth Barry, English footballer
• 1981 - Charles Tillman, American football player
• 1983 - Mirco Bergamasco, Italian rugby player
• 1983 - Mido (footballer), Egyptian footballer
• 1986 - Holly Brook, American musician
• 1986 - Kazuya Kamenashi, Japanese idol, (member of KAT-TUN)
• 1989 - Evan Bates, American ice dancer
• 1991 - Kelly Hansen, American drummer (Summer Lights)
• 1994 - Dakota Fanning, American child actress

Deaths

• 943 - Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, (b. 884)
• 1011 - Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz
• 1100 - Emperor Zhezong of China (b. 1076)
• 1270 - Saint Isabel of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France (b. 1225)
• 1447 - Pope Eugene IV (b. 1383)
• 1447 - Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1390)
• 1464 - Zhengtong, Emperor of China (b. 1427)
• 1526 - Diego Colón, Spanish Viceroy of the Indies
• 1554 - Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician (executed) (bc. 1515)
• 1572 - Pierre Certon, French composer
• 1603 - Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (b. 1519)
• 1669 - Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600)
• 1704 - Georg Muffat, French composer (b. 1653)
• 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
• 1766 - Stanislaw Leszczynski, King of Poland (b. 1677)
• 1781 - George Taylor (delegate), American signer of the Declaration of Independence (bc. 1716)
• 1792 - Joshua Reynolds, English painter (b. 1723)
• 1800 - Joseph Warton, English literary critic (b. 1722)
• 1821 - John Keats, English poet (b. 1795)
• 1848 - John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States (b. 1767)
• 1855 - Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (b. 1777)
• 1879 - Albrecht Graf von Roon, Prime Minister of Prussia (b. 1803)
• 1897 - Woldemar Bargiel, German composer (b. 1828)
• 1908 - Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarch, German surgeon (b. 1823)
• 1922 - Albert Victor Bäcklund, Swedish physicist (b. 1845)
• 1930 - Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907)
• 1931 - Nellie Melba, Australian opera soprano (b. 1861)
• 1934 - Edward Elgar, English composer (b. 1857)
• 1937 - Victim 7 of the Cleveland Torso Murderer
• 1944 - Leo Hendrik Baekeland, Belgian-American chemist and inventor of the first synthetic plastic, Bakelite (b. 1863)
• 1946 - Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (hanged) (b. 1885)
• 1948 - John Robert Gregg, Irish-born publisher and inventor (b. 1866)
• 1955 - Paul Claudel, French poet and playwright (b. 1868)
• 1957 - Marika Ninou, Greek singer (b. 1918)
• 1960 - Arthur Legat, Belgian racing driver (b. 1898)
• 1965 - Stan Laurel, British born actor and comedian (b. 1890)
• 1969 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902)
• 1973 - Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)
• 1974 - Harry Ruby, American composer and writer (b. 1895)
• 1976 - LS Lowry, English artist (b. 1887)
• 1979 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (b. 1900)
• 1983 - Herbert Howells, English composer (b. 1892)
• 1990 - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (b. 1925)
• 1995 - Melvin Franklin, American singer (The Temptations) (b. 1942)
• 1995 - James Herriot, English writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 - Tony Williams, American jazz drummer (b. 1945)
• 1999 - Carlos Hathcock, USMC Sniper, 93 Confirmed Kills (b. 1942)
• 2000 - Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (b. 1957)
• 2000 - Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)
• 2001 - Robert Enrico, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2003 - Robert K. Merton, American sociologist (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Howie Epstein, American bass guitarist (Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers) (b. 1955)
• 2004 - Vijay Anand, Indian film director (b. 1934)
• 2004 - Carl Anderson (singer), American singer (b. 1945)
• 2004 - Sikander Bakht, Governor of Kerala (b. 1918)
• 2004 - Don Cornell, American singer (b. 1919)
• 2004 - Carl Liscombe, Canadian hockey player (b. 1915)
• 2006 - Benno Besson, Swiss actor and film director (b. 1922)
• 2006 - Telmo Zarraonaindía, Spanish footballer (b. 1921)
• 2007 - John Ritchie, British footballer (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire - Terminus (mythology) held in honor of Terminus (mythology).
• Guyana - Mashramani-Republic Day.
• Italy - Feast of the Incappucciati.
• Russia - Defender of the Fatherland Day (formerly Red Army or Day of Soviet Army and Navy).
• Brunei - National Day.

Liturgical feasts

• February 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Catholicism - Feast day of Saint Polycarp of Smyrna (died 155)
• Saint Lazarus (d. 867)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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Events

• 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western culture book printed from movable type.
• 1660 - Charles XI of Sweden becomes Monarch of Sweden.
• 1778 - American Revolution: Baron von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania to help to train the Continental Army.
• 1797 - French Forces launch a failed invasion of Britain. See Last Invasion of Britain
• 1820 - Cato Street Conspiracy: A plot to murder all the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland cabinet ministers is exposed.
• 1830 - Oxford, Ohio, home of Miami University, is incorporated.
• 1836 - The Battle of the Alamo begins in San Antonio, Texas.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: Battle of Buena Vista - In Mexico, United States troops defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• 1854 - The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
• 1861 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1866 - Lebanon Valley College is founded in Annville, Pennsylvania.
• 1870 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union (American Civil War).
• 1874 - Major Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike," now more commonly called lawn tennis.
• 1883 - Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to enact an antitrust law.
• 1887 - The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.
• 1893 - Rudolf Diesel receives a patent for the diesel engine.
• 1898 - Émile Zola is imprisoned in France after writing "J'accuse", a letter accusing the Government of France of anti-Semitism and wrongfully placing Captain Alfred Dreyfus in jail.
• 1900 - In South Africa the Boers and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland troops fight in the Battle of Hart's Hill.
• 1903 - Cuba leases Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to the United States "in perpetuity".
• 1904 - For $10 million the United States gains control of the Panama Canal Zone.
• 1905 - Chicago attorney Paul P. Harris and three other businessmen meet for lunch to form the Rotary Club, the world's first service club.
• 1909 - The AEA Silver Dart makes the first powered flight in Canada and the British Empire.
• 1917 - First demonstrations in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The beginning of the February Revolution.
• 1918 - First victory of Red Army over the Kaiser's German troops near Narva and Pskov. Since 1923 this date become the Defender of the Fatherland Day in honour of this victory.
• 1919 - Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist Party in Italy.
• 1927 - The Federal Radio Commission (later renamed the Federal Communications Commission) begins to regulate the use of radio frequencies.
• 1934 - Léopold III of Belgium becomes Monarch of Belgium.
• 1940 - World War II: Soviet Union troops conquer Lasi Island.
• 1941 - Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg.
• 1944 - Population transfer in the Soviet Union of the Chechen people and Ingush people to Central Asia
• 1945 - World War II: During the Battle of Iwo Jima, a group of United States Marines and a commonly forgotten US Navy Corpsman, reach the top of Mount Suribachi on the island and are Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima. The photo would later win a Pulitzer Prize.
• 1945 - World War II: The capital of the Philippines, Manila, is liberated by United States forces.
• 1945 - World War II: Capitulation of Germany garrison in Poznań, city is liberated by Soviet Union and Poland forces.
• 1945 - World War II: The Germany town of Pforzheim is completely destroyed by a raid of 379 United Kingdom bombers.
• 1947 - International Organization for Standardization(ISO) is founded.
• 1954 - The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
• 1955 - First meeting of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
• 1957 - The founding congress of the Senegalese Popular Bloc is opened in Dakar.
• 1958 - Cuban rebels kidnap 5-time world driving champion Juan Manuel Fangio.
• 1966 - A military coup in Syria replaces the previous government.
• 1974 - The Symbionese Liberation Army demands $4 million more to release kidnap victim Patty Hearst.
• 1975 - In response to the 1973 energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States.
• 1980 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament would decide the fate of the United States embassy hostages.
• 1981 - 23-F, Antonio Tejero attempts a coup d'état by capturing the Spanish Congress of Deputies.
• 1983 - The Spain PSOE government of Felipe González and Miguel Boyer nationalizes Rumasa, a holding of José María Ruiz Mateos.
• 1983 - The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intent to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri.
• 1987 - A supernova is seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud (see Supernova 1987a).
• 1991 - Gulf War: Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabia border and enter Iraq, thus starting the ground-phase of the war.
• 1991 - In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloodless coup d'état, deposing Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.
• 1992 - The Communist Party of Georgia is founded in Georgia (country).
• 1995 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 30.28 to close at 4,003.33, closing above 4,000 for the Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
• 1997 - A large fire occurs in the Russian Space station, Mir.
• 1998 - Kissimmee Tornado Outbreak: Tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42.
• 1998 - Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa declaring jihad against all Jews and Tenth Crusade.
• 1999 - Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.
• 1999 - An avalanche destroys the Austria village of Galtür, killing 31.
• 2005 - Slovakia Summit 2005 begins, marking the first occasion when a sitting President of the United States visits Slovakia; George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin are in attendance.
• 2005 - Vote of the controversial French law on colonialism, repealed start of 2006.
• 2006 - Dubai Ports World agrees to postpone its plans to take over management of six U.S. ports after the proposal ignited harsh bipartisan criticism on Capitol Hill.
• 2007 - Japan launches its fourth spy satellite, stepping up its ability to monitor potential threats such as North Korea.
• 2007 - A Grayrigg rail crash on an evening express service near Grayrigg, Cumbria, United Kingdom, killing one person and injuring 22. This results in hundreds of points being checked over the UK after a few similar accidents.

Births

• 1417 - Pope Paul II (d. 1471)
• 1583 - Jean-Baptiste Morin, French scientist (d. 1656)
• 1633 - Samuel Pepys, English naval administrator and man of letters, posthumously famous as a diarist (d. 1703)
• 1646 - Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (d. 1709)
• 1648 - Arabella Churchill (royal mistress), English mistress of James II of England (d. 1730)
• 1680 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (d. 1767)
• 1685 - George Frideric Handel, German/British Baroque composer (d. 1759)
• 1688 - Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)
• 1723 - Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (d. 1791)
• 1729 - Josiah Hornblower, American statesman (d. 1809)
• 1743 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German-born banker (d. 1812)
• 1840 - Carl Menger, Austrian economist (d. 1921)
• 1842 - Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher (d. 1906)
• 1850 - César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
• 1868 - W.E.B. DuBois, American civil rights leader (d. 1963)
• 1873 - Liang Qichao, Chinese scholar (d. 1929)
• 1874 - Konstantin Päts, Estonian president (d. 1956)
• 1878 - Kazimir Malevich, Ukrainian painter and art theorist (d. 1935)
• 1883 - Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969)
• 1889 - Victor Fleming, American director (d. 1949)
• 1889 - Musidora, French actress and director (d. 1957)
• 1891 - Harold Horder, Australian Rugby League player (d. 1978)
• 1899 - Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
• 1899 - Norman Taurog, American film director (d. 1981)
• 1901 - Edgar Ende, German painter (d. 1965)
• 1904 - Terence Fisher, English film director (d. 1980)
• 1904 - William L. Shirer, American historian (d. 1993)
• 1904 - Leopold Trepper, Soviet spy (d. 1982)
• 1908 - William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1988)
• 1914 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
• 1915 - Jon Hall, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1915 - Paul Tibbets, American pilot
• 1918 - Richard G. Butler, American fascist (d. 2004)
• 1920 - Paul Gérin-Lajoie, French Canadian politician
• 1923 - Rafael Addiego Bruno, Uruguayan politician
• 1924 - Allan McLeod Cormack, South-African born physicist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
• 1924 - Claude Sautet, French film director (d. 2000)
• 1928 - Vasili Lazarev, cosmonaut (d. 1990)
• 1932 - Majel Barrett, American actress
• 1937 - Tom Osborne (football coach), American football coach and politician
• 1938 - Diane Varsi, American actress (d. 1992)
• 1940 - Peter Fonda, American actor
• 1941 - Ron Hunt, baseball player
• 1943 - Fred Biletnikoff, American football player and coach
• 1944 - Bernard Cornwell, English historical novelist
• 1944 - Johnny Winter, American musician
• 1945 - Allan Boesak, South African activist
• 1946 - Rusty Young (musician), American country-rock guitarist (Poco)
• 1948 - Doug Moench, American comic book writer
• 1949 - Marc Garneau, French Canadian astronaut
• 1950 - Maxi (singer), Irish singer and radio personality
• 1951 - Ed Jones (American football), American football player
• 1951 - Patricia Richardson, American actress
• 1952 - Brad Whitford, American musician (Aerosmith)
• 1953 - Satoru Nakajima, Japanese racing driver
• 1954 - Viktor Yushchenko, President of Ukraine
• 1955 - Tom Bodett, American voice actor, radio personality, and writer
• 1955 - Howard Jones (musician), British pop singer
• 1958 - Tony Barrell (journalist), English writer and journalist
• 1958 - David Sylvian, English musician
• 1959 - Richard Dodds, British field hockey player
• 1960 - Alan Griffin, Australian politician
• 1960 - Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, Crown Prince of Japan
• 1962 - Michael Wilton, American musician (Queensrÿche)
• 1963 - Bobby Bonilla, former baseball player
• 1963 - Radosław Sikorski, Polish politician
• 1964 - John Norum, Norwegian guitarist (Europe (band))
• 1965 - Kristin Davis, American actress
• 1965 - Michael Dell, American computer manufacturer
• 1965 - Helena Suková, former Czech tennis player
• 1965 - Veronica Webb, American supermodel and actress
• 1968 - Justin Bell, British racing driver
• 1969 - Marc Wauters, Belgian cyclist
• 1970 - Marie-Josée Croze, French Canadian actress
• 1970 - Niecy Nash, American actress
• 1971 - Jeong Chan, South Korean actor
• 1971 - Don Maxwell, Canadian cricketer
• 1971 - Melinda Messenger, English television presenter
• 1972 - Steve Holy, American country singer
• 1972 - Rondell White, American baseball player
• 1973 - Jack Case, American artist
• 1973 - Lars-Olof Johansson, Swedish musician (The Cardigans)
• 1974 - Leko (DJ), American DJ
• 1974 - Jaime Villarreal, Mexican musician
• 1974 - Herschelle Gibbs, South African cricketer
• 1975 - Michael Cornacchia, American actor
• 1975 - Robert Lopez, American composer
• 1976 - Kelly Macdonald, British actress
• 1977 - Kristina Šmigun, Estonian cross-country skier
• 1978 - René Pérez, Puerto Rican musician (Calle 13 (band))
• 1978 - Dan Snyder, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2003)
• 1979 - Ying Yang Twins, American rapper (Ying Yang Twins)
• 1981 - Gareth Barry, English footballer
• 1981 - Charles Tillman, American football player
• 1983 - Mirco Bergamasco, Italian rugby player
• 1983 - Mido (footballer), Egyptian footballer
• 1986 - Holly Brook, American musician
• 1986 - Kazuya Kamenashi, Japanese idol, (member of KAT-TUN)
• 1989 - Evan Bates, American ice dancer
• 1991 - Kelly Hansen, American drummer (Summer Lights)
• 1994 - Dakota Fanning, American child actress

Deaths

• 943 - Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, (b. 884)
• 1011 - Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz
• 1100 - Emperor Zhezong of China (b. 1076)
• 1270 - Saint Isabel of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France (b. 1225)
• 1447 - Pope Eugene IV (b. 1383)
• 1447 - Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1390)
• 1464 - Zhengtong, Emperor of China (b. 1427)
• 1526 - Diego Colón, Spanish Viceroy of the Indies
• 1554 - Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English politician (executed) (bc. 1515)
• 1572 - Pierre Certon, French composer
• 1603 - Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (b. 1519)
• 1669 - Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (b. 1600)
• 1704 - Georg Muffat, French composer (b. 1653)
• 1730 - Pope Benedict XIII (b. 1649)
• 1766 - Stanislaw Leszczynski, King of Poland (b. 1677)
• 1781 - George Taylor (delegate), American signer of the Declaration of Independence (bc. 1716)
• 1792 - Joshua Reynolds, English painter (b. 1723)
• 1800 - Joseph Warton, English literary critic (b. 1722)
• 1821 - John Keats, English poet (b. 1795)
• 1848 - John Quincy Adams, 6th President of the United States (b. 1767)
• 1855 - Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (b. 1777)
• 1879 - Albrecht Graf von Roon, Prime Minister of Prussia (b. 1803)
• 1897 - Woldemar Bargiel, German composer (b. 1828)
• 1908 - Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarch, German surgeon (b. 1823)
• 1922 - Albert Victor Bäcklund, Swedish physicist (b. 1845)
• 1930 - Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907)
• 1931 - Nellie Melba, Australian opera soprano (b. 1861)
• 1934 - Edward Elgar, English composer (b. 1857)
• 1937 - Victim 7 of the Cleveland Torso Murderer
• 1944 - Leo Hendrik Baekeland, Belgian-American chemist and inventor of the first synthetic plastic, Bakelite (b. 1863)
• 1946 - Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (hanged) (b. 1885)
• 1948 - John Robert Gregg, Irish-born publisher and inventor (b. 1866)
• 1955 - Paul Claudel, French poet and playwright (b. 1868)
• 1957 - Marika Ninou, Greek singer (b. 1918)
• 1960 - Arthur Legat, Belgian racing driver (b. 1898)
• 1965 - Stan Laurel, British born actor and comedian (b. 1890)
• 1969 - King Saud of Saudi Arabia (b. 1902)
• 1973 - Dickinson W. Richards, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1895)
• 1974 - Harry Ruby, American composer and writer (b. 1895)
• 1976 - LS Lowry, English artist (b. 1887)
• 1979 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (b. 1900)
• 1983 - Herbert Howells, English composer (b. 1892)
• 1990 - José Napoleón Duarte, President of El Salvador (b. 1925)
• 1995 - Melvin Franklin, American singer (The Temptations) (b. 1942)
• 1995 - James Herriot, English writer (b. 1916)
• 1997 - Tony Williams, American jazz drummer (b. 1945)
• 1999 - Carlos Hathcock, USMC Sniper, 93 Confirmed Kills (b. 1942)
• 2000 - Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (b. 1957)
• 2000 - Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)
• 2001 - Robert Enrico, French film director and screenwriter (b. 1931)
• 2003 - Robert K. Merton, American sociologist (b. 1910)
• 2003 - Howie Epstein, American bass guitarist (Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers) (b. 1955)
• 2004 - Vijay Anand, Indian film director (b. 1934)
• 2004 - Carl Anderson (singer), American singer (b. 1945)
• 2004 - Sikander Bakht, Governor of Kerala (b. 1918)
• 2004 - Don Cornell, American singer (b. 1919)
• 2004 - Carl Liscombe, Canadian hockey player (b. 1915)
• 2006 - Benno Besson, Swiss actor and film director (b. 1922)
• 2006 - Telmo Zarraonaindía, Spanish footballer (b. 1921)
• 2007 - John Ritchie, British footballer (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire - Terminus (mythology) held in honor of Terminus (mythology).
• Guyana - Mashramani-Republic Day.
• Italy - Feast of the Incappucciati.
• Russia - Defender of the Fatherland Day (formerly Red Army or Day of Soviet Army and Navy).
• Brunei - National Day.

Liturgical feasts

• February 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Catholicism - Feast day of Saint Polycarp of Smyrna (died 155)
• Saint Lazarus (d. 867)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

February 23 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 311 days remaining until the end of the year (312 in leap years).

futurefarmingvoices » 2008» February» 23
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BBC ON THIS DAY | 23 | 1981: Rebel army seizes control in Spain
Soldiers and members of the Civil Guard storm the Spanish Parliament threatening the fledgling democracy, once ruled by dictator General Franco.

Meria Heller - February 23, 2007
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BBC ON THIS DAY | 23
1945: US flag raised over Iwo Jima. The 28th Regiment of the 5th Marines take Mount Suribachi as the battle for control of Japanese-held Iwo Jima rages on.

Work - Saturday, February 23
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Work - Monday, February 23
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News, 23 February 2004
Society for the Protection of Unborn Children 3 Whitacre Mews, Stannary Street London, SE11 4AB, United Kingdom Telephone: (020) 7091 7091 Fax: (020) 7820 3131

BBC - Press Office - 23 February 2004
bbc.co.uk/pressoffice is the online BBC Press Office. This contains the latest BBC press releases; current and archived programme information; biographies of BBC staff; key ...

Dept_Diary - Saturday, February 23
Saturday, February 23 Dept_Diary Calendar «